Life on Gene

                  Editing of Human Embryo What is CRISPR? Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats   (abbreviated as   CRISPR , pronounced   crisper are segments of   prokaryotic   DNA   containing short repetitions of base sequences. Each repetition is followed by short segments of " spacer DNA " from previous exposures to a bacterial   virus   or   plasmid . How t o U se? By Editing Genome CRISPRs have been used to cut five to 62 genes at once: pig cells have been engineered to inactivate all 62 Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus  in the pig genome, which eliminated infection from the pig to human cells in culture. CRISPR's low cost compared to alternatives is widely seen as revolutionary. Selective engineered redirection of the CRISPR/Cas system was first demonstrated in 2012 in: ·      ...

                                                            Z IK A Virus What is Zika Virus? Zika virus ( ZIKV) is a member of the   Flaviviridae   virus   family   and the   Flavivirus   genus. In humans, it initially causes a mild illness known as   Zika fever , Zika, or Zika disease, which since the 1950s has been known to occur within a narrow equatorial belt from Africa to Asia. In 2014, the virus spread eastward across the Pacific Ocean to   French Polynesia , then to   Easter Island   and in 2015 to Central America, the Caribbean, and South America, where the   Zika outbreak   has reached   pandemic   levels. Illustration of Zika Virus.           Zika virus is related to   dengue ,   yellow ...

                                                                                                                    GMO     What are GMOs? GMOs(or “ genetically modified organisms ”)  are   living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory by genetic engineering, or GE. This relatively new science creates unstable combinations of plant, animal, bacteria and viral genes that do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding methods. How GMOs Are Made Here’s how it works. Scientists take a plant. They change the plant by adding DNA from another plant, bacteria, or virus to it. DNA ...